Solana Yakovenko Warns Bitcoin Has Five Years to Build Quantum-Safe Defenses

At the All-In Summit 2025, Solana co-founder Anatoly Yakovenko sounded an alarm: Bitcoin current cryptographic protections may become vulnerable to quantum computing within five years. He urges the Bitcoin ecosystem to begin transitioning now to quantum-resistant algorithms.

Solana Anatoly Yakovenko delivered a stark warning on September 18, 2025, at the All-In Summit, pressing that Bitcoin must accelerate its adoption of quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms. Yakovenko estimated there’s a 50% chance of a quantum computing breakthrough before 2030 that could threaten currently vulnerable cryptographic signatures used by Bitcoin.

Yakovenko pointed out that many Bitcoin addresses still use older or “exposed” public-key formats, such as Pay-to-Public-Key or reused Pay-to-Pubkey-Hash formats, which could leave those funds at risk if quantum computers become powerful enough. He emphasized that advances in AI and quantum hardware are compressing timelines, making once-theoretical threats more urgent.

In response, Yakovenko suggested that Bitcoin developers consider post-quantum signature schemes like CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON, and SPHINCS+ (already standardized by NIST in 2024) and possibly adopt phased migration methods—such as dual-signature transactions combining ECDSA with post-quantum proofs—to preserve compatibility while reducing exposure.

He acknowledged challenges: such a transition would likely require broad consensus within the decentralized network, hard forks, and handling trade-offs in performance and key size. Also, legacy holders and older wallets may pose risk vectors if not actively updated.

Some experts, like Blockstream’s Adam Back and researcher Peter Todd, remain more cautious, suggesting that while the risk is real, quantum threats of this magnitude are still several years off. Yet Yakovenko insists now is not the time for complacency.

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